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Law Profs Butt Heads Over Suit Filed Against Trump

, The National Law Journal

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President-elect Donald Trump
President-elect Donald Trump

Even before a trio of prominent law professors officially filed a lawsuit against President Donald Trump over payments to his various businesses by foreign governments, several fellow academics said the suit has a fundamental problem.

Filing on behalf of the liberal watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) are University of California, Irvine School of Law dean Erwin Chemerinsky, Harvard Law School professor Laurence Tribe, and Fordham University School of Law professor Zephyr Teachout.

The suit, filed Monday, centers on the rarely invoked Foreign Emoluments Clause and alleges that payments from foreign governments to Trump's hotels and other businesses violate that clause, which bars the federal government from receiving gifts or compensation from foreign governments without congressional approval.

But CREW faces an uphill battle to establish standing to sue, according to a number of law professors skeptical of the suit. The suit claims standing because CREW's focus on Trump's alleged violations of the Emoluments Clause is draining resources away from the group's other activities. But the more than 30-year-old case CREW cites to establish standing, Havens Realty v. Coleman, isn't analogous and included various factual twists not present in CREW's lawsuit, wrote South Texas College of Law in Houston and Constitutional law expert Josh Blackman on his blog.

Additionally, the majority opinions from a pair of more recent cases related to standing ignored Havens, Blackman noted. 

"There is every reason for the courts to stay away from this issue," he wrote.

Meanwhile, Derek Muller, a professor at Pepperdine University School of Law, concluded from reading Chemerinsky and Tribe's own constitutional law and federal jurisdiction texts that CREW lacks standing. Both texts cite the emoluments case Ex Parte Levitt, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the plaintiff needed more than a "general interest common to all members of the public."

"These hornbook examples from professors Chemerinsky and Tribe demonstrate the high likelihood that this case will be dismissed," Muller wrote on his blog Excess of Democracy. "Simply put, there's nothing that distinguishes CREW from an ordinary citizen — there's no particularized injury, and their injury is simply a generalized grievance that the public at large shares."

Meanwhile, Case Western Reserve University School of Law professor Jonathan Adler took to Twitter to throw cold water onto CREW's suit, calling the group's standing claim "quite a stretch."

"After reading [the lawsuit] am exceedingly underwhelmed, even after discounting for my starting skepticism. Hard to take it seriously," Adler tweeted.

Among the violations alleged in CREW's suit are Trump's financial gain from leases held by foreign governments for space in Trump Tower; foreign governments and diplomats booking rooms in Trump's Washington hotel; and payments from foreign government-owned televisions stations that rebroadcast "The Apprentice" and its oversees spinoffs.

"As a direct result of defendant's purposeful refusal to acknowledge that he is submerged in conflicts of interest and his purposeful refusal to take precautions necessary to avoid those conflicts, defendant is now committing and is poised to continue to commit many violations of the Foreign Emoluments Clause," reads CREW's complaint, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.

What's being said

  • Darren McKinney

    CREW‘s claim that its focus on Trump‘s alleged violations of the Emoluments Clause drains resources away from its other activities brings to mind an old Henny Youngman joke. Patient says to the doctor, Doctor it hurts when I do this. Doctor says don‘t do that. Same principle applies here. Any hardship CREW may suffer as a result of its transparently partisan choice to hector the Trump administration is wholly self-imposed. Were CREW more reasonably to accept the voters‘ verdict of November 8 -- a verdict fully informed about Trump‘s vast business holdings -- it could carry on its other work as budgeted and not, like Aesop‘s Boy Who Cried Wolf, sacrifice its credibility.

  • Anonymous

    According to this article, no one would have standing to sue.

  • James A. Gorton

    It probably goes without saying that Chemerinsky, et al are politically motivated actors. Their suit is likely filed with the hope, not of winning, but simply of throwing mud against the Trump administration in the hope of denying the President any sort of honeymoon in public opinion. One has to wonder, however, if Chemerinsky et al have really considered the impact of filing such a transparently frivolous claim might have on their professional reputations. Perhaps they‘re simply too far gone in partisanship to care.

  • Pieter Van Tol

    I‘d take Chemerinsky, Tribe and Teachout against Blackman, Muller and Adler every day of the week.

  • LawProf John Banzhaf

    A law suit filed today by a group of prominent law professors, challenging President Donald Trump for alleged violations of the Constitution’s Emoluments Clause, may well yield the same result - a complete rout and debacle, including a major loss - as the last major case brought by law professors. In 2006, a law suit largely put together by constitutional and other law professors, arguing that universities which accepted federal funding nevertheless had a constitutional right to bar military recruiters from their campus, was rejected unanimously by the U.S. Supreme Court which sharply rebuked the law schools and law professors who brought the case for even making the argument. The Court trashed the four legal theories advanced by the law professors, especially Harvard‘s statutory interpretation argument, although six justices went to Harvard Law. Worse, the case backfired on the learned professors when the Court also went on to say that Congress could probably mandate that colleges permit military recruiters on campus, even if the school does not accept any federal funding - a major and (to them) an unexpected loss. Perhaps even more stinging for the law professors was how they were treated and described by the major media, including even the liberal media which supported their cause but nevertheless trashed their law suit. For example, the New York Times, in a piece entitled "Supreme Court Smackdown," said "On Monday, the best minds in the legal business struck out. The vote was 8-to-0 against them -- a shutout, a rout, a humiliation.” It cited what it called the “Clueless Law Professor Theory" in trying to explain it. The Washington Post, even before the Supreme Court ruled, said "this litigation is something of a misfire. . . . As a legal matter, the [law school‘s] claim seems wrong." Later it opined that the suit "trivializes the plight of gays in the military." Likewise, the Los Angles Times, in a piece entitled "Flawed Legal Logic," asked "how could the nation‘s top law schools, overflowing with brilliant legal scholars, have agreed to make such an absurd argument? . . . But their constitutional argument is embarrassingly weak. It‘s also dangerous." It cautioned that "law schools should step back from their self-indulgent campus politics." The Harvard Crimson also weighed in, noting that Chief Justice Roberts singled out the Harvard professors’ brief, and later wrote that the Harvard faculty members’ interpretation of the Solomon Amendment is “clearly not what Congress had in mind.” It has been said that “those who can, do; those who can‘t, teach,” and that many law professors could not litigate themselves out of a paper bag, much less find their way to the courthouse. So, while this suit must be judged on its individual merits, the public should not assume that it has a significant probability of success simply because prominent law professors are backing it. FOR MORE ON THE FAIR SUIT, See: ly/2gnTYc3

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